d. 94; 62, Cross-cultural research on ambivalent sexism showed that: Want to create or adapt books like this? Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. (1999). How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 2924. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. As recently as 15 years ago, the few visible gay characters were usually portrayed negatively (Solved) - 1. Which of the following statements regarding project c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? B. blender scale object to specific size; randolph county sheriff's report; . Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. Then the participants categorize the photos (Is this picture a picture of a man or a woman?) and answer questions about the stereotypes (Is this the word strong?) ability b. African Americans Studies show that discriminatory practices toward black clients in the housing market have disappeared. b. discriminating. Parents tend to see their newborns as unique and do not apply gender stereotypes to them. The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. Once the generator is connected, their stores have the power restored and the fish are saved. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? In some cases, these beliefs may be positive, and they have the effect of making us feel more confident and thus better able to perform tasks. a. c. "The average student does his homework every night." c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. (2002). People naturally classify others into categories. This interaction best illustrates which of the following statements? b. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. d. ambivalent sexism. Brown, R., Croizet, J.-C., Bohner, G., Fournet, M., & Payne, A. c. Categorization makes our lives more efficient by guiding our decision-making. Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. b. prejudice c. hostile sexism. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . 262 courses. b. a. Assimilation b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. 34, pp. Full article: Candidates' modification of global perspectives via d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. And stereotypes become difficult to change because they are so important to usthey become an integral and important part of our everyday lives in our culture. c. laws limiting the rights of blacks in South Africa under apartheid A. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(4), 645654. In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). a. He has shared this information with his ), Stereotype accuracy: Toward appreciating group differences (pp. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7, 335. (A) Policy dividends represent earnings to shareowners who hold stock in insurance companies. baseball. The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. c. spotlighting We tend to see people who belong to the same social group as more similar than they actually are, and we tend to judge people from different social groups as more different than they actually are. What does GDP measure, and why is it important? a. Women who participate in traditional feminine sports such as tennis or gymnastics get more Do you hold implicit prejudices? c. unableness b. as comic or eccentric figures There are several pairs of terms for females and males that have the same objective meaning Once our stereotypes and prejudices become established, they are difficult to change and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true. b. Bargh, J. A white person tells an Asian American person that they "speak good English." In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. Richeson, J. C. categorization Our stereotypes and prejudices are learned through many different processes. d. all of the above, Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to be seen on television? which of the following statements concerning social categorization is Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Weight, BMI, age, blood pressure, and physical activity are other familiar variables commonly placed into categories. Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. White women Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. (2001). 18. Waterhouse's refusal to promote her to partner. b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. females as caregivers and males as workers." c. 74; 42 a. intelligence 165208). One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. c. as active, mature adults d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? c. benevolent sexism. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, gender disadvantages are more significant than racism. Eastern Europe. Define superordinate goals and explain how they help in increasing cooperation when there is conflict among individuals. c. male as normative. social loafing Review the ways that stereotypes influence our behavior. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. c. TV commercials. Related Documents. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. 4 situational. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 536552. women. The results of these studies, as well as other studies like them, were clear: People perceive outgroups as more homogeneous than the ingroup. Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. Steve's attitude is an example of On the other hand, we sometimes categorize others not because it seems to provide more information about them but because we may not have the time (or the motivation) to do anything more thorough. In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. more: He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. a. Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. c. Segregation d. displacement. c. economic factors The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Although he couldn't seem to beat his prior record while practicing, he surpassed it easily during the final meet as his friends cheered him on. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). All states have workers' compensation laws. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. b. emigration. a. modern; benevolent d. 50. c. Latin Americans Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? This difference is an example of It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. (1994). The term psychologists use for how physically close two people are to each other is ________. 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. a. B. Perform the indicated operation. During an interview afterward, he stated, "I've made that putt a thousand times on the practice green. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Based on research presented in the a. modern sexism. Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. From Tajfel (1970). Jussim, L., Robustelli, S. L., & Cain, T. R. (2009). Im sure youve had this experience yourself, when you found yourself thinking or saying, Oh, them, theyre all the same!. Southern and Eastern Europe. A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(7), 778793. Which of the following was a finding in the classic study by Festinger and Carlsmith 1959 )? (1995). Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is b. c. women with disabilities d. projecting. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. 11.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping - Principles of Social a. one-half of the girls heard discouraging, sexist comments about their science, math or athletic abilities a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. Our friends also tend to hold beliefs similar to ours, and we talk about these beliefs when we get together with them (Schaller & Conway, 1999). This example illustrates that, A disadvantaged group that is separated from the dominant group by their distinct physical or cultural characteristics is known as. Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on ______. One prejudices can be influenced by one's emotional state. b. assimilation. a. a. social facilitation \end{array} Federal Register :: Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation b. In some cases, we categorize because doing so provides us with information about the characteristics of people who belong to certain social groups (Lee, Jussim, & McCauley, 1995). c. often respond with silence, though they experience the interaction as an insult. Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71(1), 1216. See Page 1. Physical environment. Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). d. Latin America. Once they become established, stereotypes (like any other cognitive representation) tend to persevere. c. segregation. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. Psychological Science, 14(3), 287290. Which of the following statements are accurate? - Brainly.com Psychological defense in anticipation of anxiety: Eliminating the potential for anxiety eliminates the effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. Other activities can be carried out by either physicians or paramedics. DOES A LEADER'S SELF-ASSESSED INTEGRITY MATTER? - ScienceDirect 182222). The game is very close. b. d. ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? For instance, the stereotypes (which are held by many people) that women are nurturing and that men are dominant may occur in part because, on average, men and women find themselves in different social roles within a culture (Eagly & Steffen, 1984). which of the following statements concerning social categorization is (1996). If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). In most cultures, men are more likely to be in higher-status occupations, such as doctors and lawyers, whereas women are more likely to play the role of homemakers and child-care workers. 0 Wishlist. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. All of the following statements concerning the Social Security system are correct EXCEPT: The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirement age with reduced benefits available as early as age 59 , to anyone who has obtained at least . a. genetic factors At a 0.11%0.11 \%0.11% rate of interest, what is the amount of money U.S. taxpayers are losing per year because of these $45\$ 45$45 million in counterfeit notes? A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. c. scapegoating c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price b. Latinas b) Secondary research is done after primary research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. d. all of the above. c. 13 percent; 9 percent Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. b. scapegoat. Confidentiality c. Integrity. - Q/A (Question and Answer) Darren Farr Test Answer Answer: it occurs without conscious awareness Recource Chapter 12 Psychology Correction Unlock this answer Join StudyHippo to unlock Related questions In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. poses than in active poses. c. Middle Easterners are white and North Africans are nonwhite. Which of the following groups is most likely to experience age-based prejudice? Which component of attitude is being affected? doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. a. Mexican Americans Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1996). . Complicating things, Gkn tests from different cultural circles cannot simply be translated as . a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the Do you think the cultural stereotypes about your group have ever influenced your performance on a task. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. d. 26 percent; 18 percent. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. doi: 10.1177/0146167201278007. It turns out that John does not think there should be a womens studies program at the college, and he tells Sarah so. In short, Sarah is now arguing her points not so much for herself as she is as a representative of one of her ingroupsnamely, womenand John is acting as a representative of one of his ingroupsnamely, men. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 4 His remark is considered a collectivistic remark. d. African Americans, Which of the following Hispanic groups is the largest? Chapter 2: Social Learning and Social Cognition, Chapter 5: Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, Chapter 11: Working Groups: Performance and Decision Making, Chapter 12: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination, Chapter 13: Competition and Cooperation in Our Social Worlds, Figure 12.6 Current Stereotypes Held by College Students, Next: 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. There are two rival pet stores located across the street from each other. a. spotlighting. Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . b. Ms. Jane Sullivan More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. What were the "black codes"? (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect?A) Social categorization assigns individuals to categories based on common characteristics. Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. a. Germany; rural Beliefs about the characteristics of the groups and the members of those groups are known as stereotypes. d. a, b, and c, There is a greater underrepresentation of ____________ than ___________ in movies and c. victim. Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. B. in-group bias d. Because it is easy to classify people, category-based stereotypes are always accurate. Lippman, W. (1922). Swim, J. K. (1994). Stereotypes and prejudice may create discrimination. f(x)=x28x+20. As of August 2011, the interest rate earned on oneyear U.S. Treasury bills was 0.11%0.11 \%0.11%. 2 He made a dispositional attribution. c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. Use the purchases journal from the previous exercise. ceremonies If police officers were actually not that knowledgeable about the city layout, then using this categorization would not be informative. b. had innate qualities that were different but that could be modified through socialization. Which of the following statements concerning women's participation in sports is/are true? Sociology Ch. 5: Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure Political Premier League . d. b and c, In examining women's sexuality in music and music videos, which of the following statements In this case, social categorization would probably be useful because a police officer or a taxi driver might be particularly likely to know the layout of the city streets. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry b. c. Donald Trump's presidency is seen as a new era of covert racism. Between 1915 and 1923, more than a million Armenians were killed by the Ottoman Turkish government. $23,550 provided by operating activities, c.$15,550 provided by operating activities, d. $42,400 provided by operating activities, e.$20,850 provided by operating activities. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: a. stereotyping. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. a. immigrants. It outlawed the racial segregation of lunch counters and other public places. Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be Which of the following statements best describes the break-even point? d. racialization. underrepresented in the media. For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Stereotypes are frequently expressed on TV, in movies, and in chat rooms and blogs, and we learn a lot of our beliefs from these sources. The figure shows links between the social category of college professors and its stereotypes as a type of neural network or schema. Of course, using social categories will only be informative to the extent that the stereotypes held by the individual about that category are accurate. Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Judd, C. M., & Park, B. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. a. Daniel Patrick Moynihan c. Mrs. Jane Collins-Sullivan doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. "Female professor receives prestigious grant." This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? ), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. Social categorization occurs spontaneously, without much thought on our part (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007). Other research using this technique has found that we spontaneously categorize each other on the basis of many other group memberships, including race, academic status (student versus teacher), social roles, and other social categories (Fiske, Haslam, & Fiske, 1991; Stangor, Lynch, Duan, & Glass, 1992). Stangor, C. (1995). involvement Which of the following statements is true? is/are true? b. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. During training, he strived to improve his time by racing against a set time on the clock. Which of the following is not an example of masculine generic language? b. parents perceive newborn daughters as more delicate and weaker than newborn sons. a. stereotyping. The 1964 Civil Rights Act accomplished what? Stereotypes are the beliefs associated with social categories. c. Irish Americans d. displacement. diffusion of ability, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. Trope, Y., & Thompson, E. (1997). Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? Once we believe that men make better leaders than women, we tend to behave toward men in ways that makes it easier for them to lead. Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The study of neuroendocrinology examines how the brain and ________ work together to coordinate the physiological functioning of the body., According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that even participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do seem to hold cultural stereotypes about social groups.

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