The Journal of Asian Studies Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. Verse 7. Hence the correct answer is Option B. He subdued several enemies. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. It does not store any personal data. 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Answer. He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. He established a university in Naushehra and a Darul Tarjuma. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas [22], Kalhana's account starts to align with other historical evidence only by Book 4, which gives an account of the Karkota dynasty. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. After that, the English translation appeared under the aegis of the Asiatic Society in 1835 and the French translation in 1852. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. PDF Translating the Past: Rethinking 'Rajatarangini' Narratives in - JSTOR Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. Concerning past occasions, Kalhana wrote that the material was genuinely picky. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel Skipping over "lost kings" we come to Lava of an unknown family. From the regulation of commodities to the reviving of old crafts, Abidin did everything for overall development of Kashmir and his subjects. Turn on. But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. section. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. It is by late Vidwan T.K. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Updates? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. From the Pen of Jonarja, Court Pait to Suln Zayn al-bidn. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. [10] The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. Rajatarangini - Rajatarangini.pdf - [PDF Document] He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. In 1540, the Sultanate was briefly interrupted when Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat, a Chagatai Turco-Mongol military general attacked and occupied Kashmir. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. After his death, the queen committed. field of Asian Studies. [12] Kashmiri scholar N. K. Zutshi, having critically examined the sources, reconciles the two versions by noting that the Persian chronicles mentions Swadgir rather than Swat, which he interprets as Swadgabar, meaning "suburbs of Gabar", which coincides with Jonaraja's description of Panchagahvara-Simani (on the borders of Panchagagvara). In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? No examples found, consider adding one please. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. How much salary can I expect in Dublin Ireland after an MS in data analytics for a year? The polar ends of the subcontinent that these two regions represent have been lyrically evoked in the familiar poetic description of himavatsethuparyanthaam. Verse 13. hasContentIssue true, Copyright The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2011, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021911810002998, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. Kalhana was a poet. Rajatharangini ; Vidwan T.K. (Stay up to date on new book releases, reviews, and more with The Hindu On Books newsletter. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. . Her son was Chippatajayapida. It exposes its own biases instead", "Review of Kingship in Kamr (AD11481459). Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. Prominent among them were Kota Bhat and Udyashri. Wife of Damodara. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Answer. [18] Waqfs were endowed to shrines, mosques were commissioned, numerous Sufi preachers were provided with jagirs and installed in positions of authority, and feasts were regularly held. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Feature Flags: { Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Son of Durlabhaka and Shrinarendraprabha. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. Verse 11. Persian Literature During Delhi Sultanate - MCQ Books } The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. However, very little about those reigns are known anyway in compare to the later dynasties. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Translations. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. He was followed by his two sons who became kings in succession. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning. In that officials, Abdul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. Deposed by Tantrin soldiers, who had earlier served as the royal bodyguards. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". [5], Kalhana mentions that Gonanda I ascended the throne in 653 Kali calendar era. Then Lalitaditiya meets the Bhauttas in Baltistan in western Tibet north of Kashmir, then the Dardas in Karakoram/Himalaya, the Valukambudhi and then he encounters Strirajya, the Uttarakurus and the Pragjyotisha respectively (IV.165-175). What is the best compliment to give to a girl? He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. Next Sultan of Kashmir was Haji Khan, who succeeded his father Zain-ul-Abidin and took the title of Haidar Khan.[30]. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. For instance, Marcus Aurel Stein (1900) thought the way of talking and instructional pieces of the Rajatarangini that were in kvya style was essentially detached with the story legitimate, which was recorded, while Buhler arraigned the retreat to legend and fantasy as delivering the sequence of a huge piece of the message worthless and its creator suspect. 23 February 2011. the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Book VII brings the narrative to the death of King Harsha (1101), and Book VIII deals with the stormy events between the death of Harsha and the stabilization of authority under Kalhanas contemporary Jayasimha (reigned 112849). By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? Son of Ajitapida. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. After ruling indirectly and directly. Who translated the Ramayan & Mahabharata into Persia? Compared to translations in other languages, Raman Menons craft is remarkable for its lucidity and elegance. According to Jonaraja, Shah Mir was the descendant of Partha (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. This quarterly has been published regularly since Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Match words . What internet mobs don't understand about Urdu - The Indian Express Who translated Ramayana into Persian? - Vedantu Verse 15. Hiranya died childless. Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Verse 12. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica He was a devout Shaivite, and his reign was marked by peace. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. After an Abhimanyu, we come to the main Gonandiya dynasty, founded by Gonanda III. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. Corrections? The. in Persian - Gilaki-Persian Dictionary | Glosbe It was written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri historian Kalhana in the 12th century CE. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. He was known for his religious tolerance. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. Book I attempts to weave imaginary tales of Kashmir kings into epic legends. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Among the renowned translations of the work in later years were those by Aurel Stein in 1900 and by Ranjit S. Pandit in 1935, the latter with a Foreword by Jawaharlal Nehru. Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Persian Literature: How Kashmir Came To Be Known As 'Little Iran'

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