If the myelin sheath were drawn to scale, the neuron would have to be immensepossibly covering an entire wall of the room in which you are sitting. 5,000+ Histology PPTs View free & download | PowerShow.com Neurons are specialized cells that contain a body (soma) and one or more processes (dendrites, axons). One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. All spaces are occupied either by the processes of neurons or glia or by capillaries (these capillaries are somewhat swollen here because the tissue was fixed by perfusion). Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. The length of the axon between each gap, which is wrapped in myelin, is referred to as an axon segment. It contains connective tissue, mostly composed of adipocytes. The kidneys clear waste products and control plasma pH, electrolytes and extracellular fluid volume. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia Remember, this entire pathway is traveled by cells whose axons may be three feet long! It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). Some sources describe a fourth type of neuron, called an anaxonic neuron. They are stabilized by ligaments, flexible fibrous bands made of dense regular connective tissue. Histology of Nervous Tissue - [PPT Powerpoint] - VDOCUMENTS Friday, August 26 Histology of Nervous Tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow Available at theiTunes Storeand for Android users at theGoogle Play Store. Most of the respiratory tract is lined by respiratory mucosa; a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium with mucus producing goblet cells. Unipolar neurons have only one process emerging from the cell body which causes them to appear T-shaped. They are considered part of the mononuclear phagocytic system and will proliferate and become actively phagocytic in regions of injury and/or inflammation. By examining a thin slice of bone tissue under a microscope, colorized with special staining techniques, you see that these seemingly simple bones are actually a complex microworld containing an array of structures with various different functions. What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? Lymph nodes are distributed along lymphatic vessels, filtering lymph as it passes through. Four main groups of tissues Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous tissue. An important part of the function of neurons is in their structure or shape. Type II pneumocytes are also important because they secrete surfactant which prevents the lungs from collapsing. Nervous tissue consists of two cells: nerve cells or neurons and glial cells, which helps transmit nerve impulses and also provides nutrients to neurons. Onecommonly used technique is Western blot, in which proteins are separated from one another based on molecular weight using gel electrophoresis. Slides include types of epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle tissue and is ideal for an anatomy and physiology course. Astrocytes have many processes extending from their main cell body (not axons or dendrites like neurons, just cell extensions). Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain. The cell body contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles. It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). Both will appear grey to the naked eye and under the microscope, due to their lack of myelin. In the peripheral nervous system, the larger diameter axons are surrounded by a lipid-rich myelin sheath formed by the Schwann cells (Wheater's pg. Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. These glial cells appear similar to epithelial cells, making a single layer of cells with little intracellular space and tight connections between adjacent cells. A longitudinal section of a nerve looks very different than a transverse section: In a longitudinal section of a nerve (Figure 9), the axons stain darker and are visible as purple lines. Junquieras Basic Histology (13th ed.). While their origin is not conclusively determined, their function is related to what macrophages do in the rest of the body. If you are a University of Michigan student enrolled in a histology course at the University of Michigan, please click on the following link and use your Kerberos-password for access to download lecture handouts and the other resources. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. Peripheral nerves are analogous with neural tracts of the CNS. They provide support, performing similar functions in the periphery as astrocytes do in the CNSexcept, of course, for establishing the BBB.The second type of glial cell is the Schwann cell, which insulate axons with myelin in the periphery. It acts as insulation, much like the plastic or rubber that is used to insulate electrical wires. It is composed of densely packed epithelial cells with only a little extracellular matrix (ECM). The excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. In the hippocampus orientation Image, observe: In the dentate gyrus orientation Image, observe: The "hilus" is the region where the head of hippocampus abuts the dentate gyrus. Identify all four general tissue types Answer: epithelial, connective, muscular & nervous Which of the four basic types is described below: Contains free edge Lines hollow organs Anchored by basement membrane Answer:Epithelial tissue Which of the four basic types is described below: Lack blood vessels, Readily divide Cells are tightly packed Did you know that the only thing preventing all the water in your body from leaking out through your skin are the tight junctions between the keratinocytes? White matter consists of myelinated axons. Specialised cells (melanocytes, Merkels cells, Langerhans cells) and free nerve endings are found within the epidermis, providing pigmentation, protection and sensation. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. All cells contain cytoplasm, are surrounded by a membrane, and contain a variety of structures and organelles. A few other processes provide the same insulation for other axon segments in the area. The small gap in the myelin sheath that occurs between adjacent Schwann cells is called a node of Ranvier. The white matter contains nerve fibers (axons) entering and exiting the gray matter, and traveling up and down the spinal cord, linking it to the brain. Central Nervous System Connective Tissue Ear Endocrine System Epithelial Tissue Eye Female Reproductive System . Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less ("1" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing many nerve fibers and small cell bodies of interneurons, ("2" in the orientation figure) a middle pyramidal cell layer containing hippocampal pyramidal cells. Here, the tissue of interest is immersed in a fixative solution. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. The ovary is actually an organ homologous to the male testis, it gives rise to the gametes (ova) and steroid hormones (estrogen, progesterone). Bipolar cells are not very common. On a longitudinal section, cardiomyocytes appear branched, joined together by specialized junctions called intercalated discs which allow them to quickly exchange electrical impulses and work as a syncytium. All of these features give muscles the ability to contract and perform various functions, such as movement of the extremities (skeletal muscle), peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract (smooth muscle) and beating of the heart (cardiac muscle). There are many neurons in the nervous systema number in the trillions. The glomerulus contains some interesting cells, such as mesangial cells which have supportive and phagocytic properties; juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin which acts, in a broad sense, to help regulate our blood pressure; podocytes that control the permeability of the filtration membrane; and many more. The ventral spinal cord. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, Cellular membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus. The lipids are essentially the phospholipids of the glial cell membrane. You may see small calcific bodies in part of the hippocampus, which occur as a normal part of the aging process. Neurons (Nerve cell bodies) 5 6 5. They can be classified as sensory or autonomic. Reading time: 28 minutes. Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. Epithelium is classified by both its cellular morphology and the number of cell layers. The other processes of the neuron are dendrites, which receive information from other neurons at specialized areas of contact called synapses. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. 5 Nervous system The introductory part of the chapter is adapted from BC OpenStax Anatomy and Physiology book under the CC BY license. Spermatozoa pass from the testis into the epithelial lined epididymis and ductus (vas) deferens via efferent ductules, then into the ejaculatory duct, which merges with the urethra. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Neuroglia (glial cells) (supporting cells) ("3" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the pyramidal cells. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. Histology of Nervous Tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow Many of these astrocytes send out processes that contact and wrap around nearby capillaries, which are also clearly recognizable as tube-shaped segments. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. In these slides you will not be able to discern the amazing dendritic tree that extends from the Purkinje cell bodies into the molecular layer, nor will you be able to see their axons, which extend down through the granular layer into deeper parts of the cerebellum. It is the axon that propagates the nerve impulse, which is communicated to one or more cells. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. The tools for studying histology are becoming more diverse everyday. Review the organization of gray and white matter in cerebral cortex vs. spinal cord. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Jennifer Ann Jost Last modified by: Jeff Keyte Created Date: 10/29/2003 10:25:53 PM Document presentation . Wednesday, August 24. The first way to classify them is by the number of processes attached to the cell body. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). All rights reserved. It relays sensory input to cerebral cortex. Histology. The CNS consists of nervous tissue that is protected within bony structures the brain within the cranium and the spinal cord within the vertebral column. It relays sensory input to cerebellar cortex. Register now Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes? The product is the magnifying power of the objective (4x, 10x, 20x, 40x or 100x) multiplied by the power of the ocular lenses (10x). A group of neuronal cell bodies is called a nucleus in the brain or spinal cord, and a ganglion in the PNS. Use the virtual slide of the hippocampal region to study the ependymal cell lining of the choroid plexus. Gray matter is mostly made of neuronal bodies, dendrites and glial cells whereas white matter is made primarily out of myelinated axons. Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). For oligodendrocytes, the rest of the cell is separate from the myelin sheath as a cell process extends back toward the cell body. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins). Nervous tissue histology - slideshare.net This is a tapering of the cell body toward the axon fiber. Neuroglia. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). Above the temporal (ventral or inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle the lateral geniculate nucleus is present. Histology Powerpoint Teaching Resources | Teachers Pay Teachers Nueron ppt naseemmeeran 139 views . ("6" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the granule cells. dendritic) processes. Fetal tissues are classified into two types: mesenchyme and mucoid (mucous) connective tissue. Contents Neuron Nerve cell processes Synapses And impulse transmission The neuroglia Myelin sheath 2 3. Neurons in the dorsal horn are essentially interneurons that project to other regions of the CNS (e.g., motor neurons in the spinal cord or sensory input to the brain), so they have much smaller overall volume and therefore much less metabolic demand compared to motor neurons which project to target muscles that may be more than a meter away. This coronal section includes the hippocampus (hippocampus = sea horse), dentate gyrus, and adjacent temporal lobe gyrus (entorhinal cortex). Young, B., Woodford, P., ODowd, G., & Wheater, P. R. (2014). Philadelphia, Pa: Wolters Kluwer. Histology Study of Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nervous and Muscular Tissue Intercellular Junctions, Glands and Membranes Tissue Growth, Development . The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. 4.4A: Characteristics of Nervous Tissue - Medicine LibreTexts Aspects of peripheral nerve embryology and clinically . Did you know that there are special cardiomyocytes in your heart that spontaneously generate impulses to initiate heartbeats? Two large nerve tracts typically leave the top of the cell body but immediately branch many times to form a large web of nerve fibers. Which of the following cell types contributes to maintenance of the blood-brain barrier? They can be classified by many different criteria. 3. This technique is used for determining the location of specific DNA or RNA sequences in cells or chromosomes, making it useful for various research and diagnostic purposes. These sections are then mounted on a glass slide, using a mounting medium as an adhesive. Myelin is lipid-rich, and on gross inspection appears white. Recall thatSchwann cells are the glial cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. And there are many different types of neurons. For example, a multipolar neuron that has a very important role to play in a part of the brain called the cerebellum is known as a Purkinje (commonly pronounced per-KIN-gee) cell. The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated organs (tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). How about the fact that some cardiomyocytes have the ability to secrete hormones that regulate blood pressure? Describe the organization and understand some of the basic functions of regions of the: Observe the 3-layered organization of the, Outer plexiform (molecular) layer: sparse neurons and glia, Outer granular layer: small pyramidal and stellate neurons, Outer pyramidal layer: moderate sized pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Inner granular layer: densely packed stellate neurons (usually the numerous processes arent visible, but there are lots of nuclei reflecting the cell density), Ganglionic orinner pyramidal layer: large pyramidal neurons (should be able to see these in either, Multiform cell layer: mixture of small pyramidal and stellate neurons. It is made up of gray matter and white matter. The cytoplasm contains specialized subunits called organelles which work like little organs. For an even more detailed view, an electron microscopy can be used. T and B lymphocytes are born and raised in the thymus and bone marrow, respectively. Slide 077 20XCerebellum white and grey matter H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077 40XCerebellum molecular layer, Purkinje cell bodies H&E View Virtual Slide, Slide 077a Cerebellum luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = body). 48 Spinal CordWhite Matter (Spinal Cord)View Virtual EM Slide In this field you see several oligodendrocytes, the cells that make myelin in the CNS, surrounded by numerous myelinated axons of various size, cut in cross section. This ground substance, also referred to as Wharthons jelly, provides insulation and protection to the blood vessels of the umbilical cord. They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina. Typically one or more sulci (infoldings) will extend inward from one edge of the section. thyroid, ovaries, suprarenal) and individual hormone-secreting cells found in many organs of the body (e.g. Neurons are the basic functional units of nervous tissue. Many axons are wrapped by an insulating substance called myelin, which is actually made from glial cells. Ependymal cells, which are uniquely located lining the ventricles of the brain the central canal of the spinal cord, are one notable exception. Resources in the University of Michigan Histology Dropbox, Slide 065-1N spinal chord Masson cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-2 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 065-1 spinal cord lumbar H&E cross View Virtual Slide, Slide 066a thoracic spinal cord thoracic spinal cord luxol blue cross View Virtual Slide. Tissues. The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. Cerebral cortex 3. Other staining techniques such as Masson trichrome, alcian blue, reticulin stain and others are sometimes used to demonstrate specific tissue components not seen on a H&E stain. They are considered to be supporting cells, and many functions are directed at helping neurons complete their function for communication. Cells are the tiny living units that form the tissues, organs and structures within the body. Chapter 12Nervous Tissue. Histology. Wheaters functional histology: A text and colour atlas. The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. The axons of pyramidal cells will descend through the interior white matter of the cerebrum into the three parts of the brainstem: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. PPT PowerPoint Presentation - Histology & the Integumentary System: Chapter The neuron shown is a multipolar neurons. There are two types of EM: transmission electron microscopy, which requires very thin sections of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy, which uses larger pieces of tissue and produces 3-dimensional images. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. Cells come together with extracellular matrix (a jelly-like fluid) to form the four types of tissues found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous. 138, 7.18). The material presented details the chemistry, diagnostic application, and staining protocols for special stains used to . Tissues join together in different arrangements to form our body organs. Controls and integrates all body activities. Myelin is a lipid-rich sheath that surrounds the axon and by doing so creates a myelin sheath that facilitates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. However, if you take a much closer look, youll see that the histology of bones, is a whole other story. One cell providing support to neurons of the CNS is the astrocyte, so named because it appears to be star-shaped under the microscope (astro- = star). Read more. Histology of Nervous Tissue Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of Expert Help Test yourself on cardiac muscle tissue with the following quiz. Organs work together in systems. Many types of glial cells require special histological stains and cant be unambiguously identified in regular H&E-stained histological slides. Histology Special Stains: Nervous Tissue - LabCE Luv ya! Some of the proteins help to hold the layers of the glial cell membrane closely together.The appearance of the myelin sheath can be thought of as similar to the pastry wrapped around a hot dog. This preserves it into the same state that it had when it was in the body, and thus, keeps it from degrading. Work for the lab This website is a great way to view the tissues. Interstitial cells produce testosterone, a hormone that regulates spermatogenesis. Your donation will enable us to update all existingSecondLook resources and to transform them into completely free Progressive Web Applications (PWA), including theSecondLookHistology apps.

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