naive scientist vs cognitive miser - canorthrup.com /StructParents 10 /Type /Group /Type /Group /GS8 28 0 R They would rather rely on heuristics and shortcuts to make decisions. Add to folder >> PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture If AAA and BBB are events, then P(AB)P(B)P(A|B)\le P(B)P(AB)P(B). /StructParents 12 Known as the knowledge deficit model, this point of view is based on idealistic assumptions that education for science literacy could increase public support of science, and the focus of science communication should be increasing scientific understanding among lay public. category based and other attribute based, on this continuum people can be perceived Naive scientistHeider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attributions using similar processes to those of scientists.NarcissismIndividual differences variable characterized by extremely high but insecure levels of self-esteem. >> What is the purpose of the accounting cycle? What is deindividuation? Introduce and define the consistency seeker, nave scientist, and the cognitive miser philosophical anthropologies. Discuss the validity of each statement. New York . Recent psychological studies have looked very closely at when and why people engage in careful cognitive . [2] In other words, humans are more inclined to act as cognitive misers using mental short cuts to make assessments and decisions, about issues and ideas about which they know very little as well as issues of great salience. People have trouble in imagining how small failings can pile up to form a catastrophe; People tend to get accustomed to risk. /F3 23 0 R endobj The metaphor of cognitive misers could assist people in drawing lessons from risks, which is the possibility that an undesirable state of reality may occur. [10][pageneeded] Thus, attribution theory emerged from the study of the ways in which individuals assess causal relationships and mechanisms. /Tabs /S /LastChar 239 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] << The process of understanding what something is by knowing [9][pageneeded] Some of these heuristics include: The frequency with which Kahneman and Tversky and other attribution researchers found the individuals employed mental shortcuts to make decisions and assessments laid important groundwork for the overarching idea that individuals and their minds act efficiently instead of analytically. /Parent 2 0 R /S /Transparency [2] [3], The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /S /Transparency When can it enhance social behavior? The cognitive miser theory thus has implications for persuading the public: attitude formation is a competition between people's value systems and prepositions (or their own interpretive schemata) on a certain issue, and how public discourses frame it. HWKoFW. concept, type of stimulus). The nave scientist and attribution theory; Heuristics; The cognitive miser theory; Implications; Updates and later research; References; The term What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? /GS8 28 0 R -Discrimination:negative behavior to members of out groups. >> Motivation does affect the activation and use of stereotypes and prejudices. endobj Everything you always wanted to know. According to conspiracy theorists, the actress Megan Fox has died and been replaced by lookalikes - not once, but twice (Credit: Getty Images) One, somewhat humbling, explanation is that we are all. << (PDF) Street Teaching in the Tenderloin | SRI ANAH - Academia.edu We'll bring you back here when you are done. a. /Font << /StructParents 5 It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] |k, y+zSe(S")0(|c^$i)}`#_~:ppq(i.kyo(|49R;e3!q|k0d8zhT6ax >> [2], People are limited in their capacity to process information, so they take shortcuts whenever they can. "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes. 8 0 obj /F4 24 0 R 204 0 R 205 0 R 206 0 R 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R economic zones to fisheries. >> What percentage of the population exhibits racist attitudes? How do we use positive test strategy to test hypotheses? This perspective assumes that detailed, deliberate processing is costly or expensive in terms of psychological resources, and our resource capacity is limited. >> naive scientist vs cognitive misercan low magnesium kill you. /S /Transparency 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 0 0 0 self-interest), BUT even in ideal circumstances, people are not very careful scientists & still make errors, people are limited in capacity to process information, take numerous cognitive shortcuts, MOTIVATED TACTICIAN: people have multiple cognitive strategiesavailable, from which they choose on the basis of personal goals,motives, and needs, e.g. -Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional influences (enduring characterisitcs like personality) on other people's behavior. [40] Kruglanski proposed that people are combination of nave scientists and cognitive misers: people are flexible social thinkers who choose between multiple cognitive strategies (i.e., speed/ease vs. accuracy/logic) based on their current goals, motives, and needs.[40]. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] 11 0 obj x[[Ggc%adp 3 t_hbdK _TwUt5vQ_Nw.{1_.;?nEM]0{?;a}|o/91m~?=>6Gc;xv;{x^(]G!=ig/ho#1na{quo|8Lg?b79?=|xCd]%ZtnrYHo/cauo~qeiL&'?Yv:woa =)Cnf;ZyK|HJ!C|XzfNbpyf`|*F It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. Consistency seeker: motivated by perceived discrepancies among their cognitions. /F3 23 0 R In this chapter, we present the multiple knowing processes evolved to enable the tactical flexibility to pursue diverse goals.. Schema: cognitive structure that represents knowledge andbeliefs about a specific category (e.g. 6 0 obj /F1 21 0 R 322 0 R 323 0 R 324 0 R 325 0 R 326 0 R 327 0 R 328 0 R 329 0 R 330 0 R 331 0 R What is situated social cognition? 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /S /Transparency -They would overbook places, give one group food that was better, etc. /F4 24 0 R How did the experimenters increase inter-group hostility between the two groups of boys? Dual process theory proposes that there are two types of cognitive processes in human mind. >> -Difficult tasks: surrounded by people during a challenge makes us perform worse, Group bystander effect: bystanders in emergencies typically want to intervene but freeze up. << How does the combined spending on both types of consumer goods compare to the spending on services? /F4 24 0 R >> What causes deindividuation? >> Naive Scientist Trying to work out the cause and effect of things in our social world Cognitive Misers Trying to save time and effort to understand the social world Heuristics Mental shortcuts that reduce the complexity of judgement (More/Less) Time, Cognitive Load, Importance, Information and Emotions Ex) slightly unprejudiced becomes less prejudiced and vice versa. PDF FISKE & TAYLOR / SOCIAL COGNITION: FROM BRAINS TO CULTURE 2e 2011 . << What are behavioral consequences of the threat of isolation? [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. They write, "cognitive heuristics are at times employed by almost all voters, and that they are particularly likely to be used when the choice situation facing voters is complex heuristic use generally increases the probability of a correct vote by political experts but decreases the probability of a correct vote by novices." What is a meta-analysis? [clarificationneeded] Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. /Font << /Resources << 27 0 obj endobj Social Psychology 1 Flashcards 7 [218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R /Type /Font << /Type /Group 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R In unserem Vergleich haben wir die unterschiedlichsten 70413 lego am Markt unter die Lupe genommen und die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, die Kostenstruktur und die Bewertungen der Kunden abgewogen. [15] Fiske and Taylor, building upon the prevalence of heuristics in human cognition, offered their theory of the cognitive miser. What is the Sensation vs Perception Bias? /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] The cognitive miser theory is an . This second effect helped to lay the foundation for Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser.[9]. /P 3 0 R 23417270. free . /StructParents 3 endobj /F6 26 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /Creator (alibabadownload.com) /Macrosheet /Part instead, they are strategic in their allocation of cognitive resources, deciding whether to b a cognitive miser or a naive scientist depending on the situation: Term. System 2 may also have no clue to the error. >> 20 . /Title (Social Cognition From Brains to Culture 2nd Edition Fiske Test Bank) Attempting to observe things freshly and in detail is mentally exhausting, especially among busy affairs. Our pages contain various quotes with which our editorial team does not always agree. ->Collectivist cultures show more conformity, Psych Guide #10 - Health / Stress and Abnorma, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Stolz . 70413 lego Top 5 Produkte unter der Lupe! -Those with analytical thinking were more likely to focus on attributions of the individual person and vice versa. /Type /Page -It is a social issue, what is the societal problem? /S /Transparency /Diagram /Figure /F1 21 0 R Naive scientist Heider (1958a) argued that ordinary people are scientific, rational thinkers who make causal attribution s using similar processes to those of scientists. /F3 23 0 R >> Categories are in some way ultimate heuristics, they can be Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending congnitive effort. >> << -Diffusion of responsibility: reduction in feelings of personal responsibility in the presence of others. What is conformity? -Causes: the benefit of anonymity, -Prejudice: drawing negative conclusions about a person, group of people, or situation prior to evaluating the evidence 29 0 obj -Enhance performance and minimize loafing by recording who is doing what Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? >> Cognitive miser - Wikipedia What is the difference between situational factors and dispositional factors? not only vary in content but in structure too in terms of the intra-category *p ~02Q*PGZxO`'HiY<6\Ud"I$;4L`cp{-Yl o -Groupthink: mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives "The subtlest and most pervasive of all influences are those which create and maintain the repertory of stereotypes." Which is viewed as more homogeneous? The instances of weeping in the book of Jeremiah are so vivid that Jeremiah is known as "the weeping prophet," but God weeps more frequently in the book. Please sign in to share these flashcards. >> /Producer /Lang (en-US) Personality has been conceptualised from a variety of theoretical perspectives, and at various levels of abstraction and breadth. /ca 1 /Font << perception of our world. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] It is, in many ways, a unifying theory which suggests that humans engage in economically prudent thought processes, instead of acting like scientists who rationally weigh costs and benefits, test hypothesis, and update expectations based upon the results of the experiments that are our everyday actions. June 30, 2022 . /Chartsheet /Part [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. /ToUnicode 367 0 R -1 in 5 people exhibit racist attitudes, MODERN: cognitive /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] [8] In this way, humans were thought to think like scientists, albeit nave ones, measuring and analyzing the world around them. q*15Q[7t. [2][20], Voting behavior in democracies are an arena in which the cognitive miser is at work. ->Western: individualistic, autonomy, competence (getting ahead), analytical thinking (objects), rights /Type /Page [30] Framing theory suggest that the same topic will result in different interpretations among audience, if the information is presented in different ways. How does a "cognitive miser" reason? What is the Twenty Statements Test (TST)? Instead, Fiske, Taylor, and Arie W. Kruglanski and other social psychologists offer an alternative explanation of social cognition: the motivated tactician. /ExtGState << << 3,000 & 10,000 \\ /ParentTreeNextKey 13 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /Parent 2 0 R >> /Header /Sect 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 237 0 R /Group << 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 endobj Journalize Versailles Co.s entries to record the payment. /Footer /Sect >> /F2 22 0 R What is social comparison theory? /Group << Therefore, we try to spend as little as possible in most caseswe are misers who try to protect our resources for important judgments. /CS /DeviceRGB According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. /F3 23 0 R -Foot in the door: have someone respond positively to a small request, then to a large one /Tabs /S [35], The theory that human beings are cognitive misers, also shed light on the dualprocesstheory in psychology. /CA 1 In what ways do we view members of our In-group differently from out-groups? What are its consequences? The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. How pervasive is prejudice today? /FontDescriptor 363 0 R /StructParents 0 /GS8 28 0 R /Tabs /S /F1 21 0 R << /Author (Fiske) >> 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R] /FontDescriptor 365 0 R [11] Through the study of causal attributions, led by Harold Kelley and Bernard Weiner amongst others, social psychologists began to observe that subjects regularly demonstrate several attributional biases including but not limited to the fundamental attribution error. /F1 21 0 R endobj 2U>aQ K/)QCqQ"#G'og|Bc. >> The nave scientist and attribution theory Further information: Attribution theory Before Fiske and Taylor's cognitive miser theory, the predominant model of social cognition was the nave scientist. 25 0 obj That is to say, people live in a second-handed world with mediated reality, where the simplified model for thinking (i.e., stereotypes) could be created and maintained by external forces. >> /K [20 0 R] >> On the other hand, in Lippmann's view, people are told about the world before they see it. Unfortunately for this moral responsibility refuge, natural science has now scouted this cognitive corner. << -Analytical thinking: focuses on objects, central figure. >> The Nave Scientist Attribution theory Making Attributions Attributional Biases The Cognitive Miser Heuristics The Motivated Tactician Social Categorization Basic Principles Why Do We Categorize? [1] Just as a miser seeks to avoid spending money, the human mind often seeks to avoid spending cognitive effort. %PDF-1.5 Social Psychology: Cognitive Misers, Schemas, and Social - YouTube Cognitive miser - HandWiki What is the dual process model of persuasion? [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. It is an important concept in social cognition theory and has been influential in other social sciences such as economics and political science. -People are less likely to conform when at least one person states the correct answer. Once a category is activated we tend t see members as possessing all the The Christian Clerical Culture of Western Science (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), p. 286. heuristics in judgment and decision-making, Human inference: strategies and shortcomings of social judgment, Like goes with like: the role of representativeness in erroneous and pseudoscientific beliefs, Science and selection: essays on biological evolution and the philosophy of science, 3 MESSAGES AND HEURISTICS: HOW AUDIENCES FORM ATTITUDES ABOUT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government. /S /Transparency /F3 23 0 R In what ways can economic and political competition affect prejudice and discrimination? 0 0 0 611 611 667 0 611 611 722 >> what other things is equivalent to and what other things are different from (, -Categories Explain the significance of /Font << /Tabs /S << /StructParents 8 /F6 26 0 R Positive impressions are typically formed in the absence of any(negative) information, more easily changed in light of subsequent negative info, Negative impressions are formed when there is any sign ofnegative information, difficult to change in light of subsequent positive information, we are biased towards negativity WHY? The "motivated tactician" model is best described by which of the following? endobj /F3 23 0 R >> Five general views of the thinker emerge in social psychology: consistency seeker, nave scientist, cognitive miser, motivated tactician, and activated actor. Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? /Subtype /Type0 14 0 obj What characteristics of the messenger increase persuasiveness? 272 0 R 273 0 R 274 0 R 275 0 R 276 0 R 277 0 R 278 0 R 279 0 R 280 0 R 281 0 R July 2015 . What Is Cognitive Miser? | Ifioque.com /Resources << /GS7 27 0 R /Subtype /TrueType -A model that accounts for the two basic ways that attitude change occurs - with and without much thought. Social Cognitive Psychology : History and Current Domains - Google Books /Widths [278] /GS8 28 0 R >> -"Blacks should not push themselves where they are not wanted" (1/5) 9 0 obj (a) Graph this equation with a graphing calculator and the window ttt-min =2,t=-2, t=2,t-max =10=10=10; SSS-min =20,Smax=250=-20, S-\max =250=20,Smax=250. during socialrejection/inclusion, IMPRESSION: an idea, feeling, or opinion about something orsomeone, especially one formed without conscious thought or onthe basis of little evidence, PERSON PERCEPTION: the process through which people observeother people, interpret information about them, draw inferencesabout them, & develop mental representations of them, provides the basis for the way we think, feel, and behavetowards others, physical characteristics (e.g. What is the power of single vivid instances? [12], The study of attributions had two effects: it created further interest in testing the naive scientist and opened up a new wave of social psychology research that questioned its explanatory power. /F3 23 0 R Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term "cognitive miser" to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising one's beliefs. /GS7 27 0 R /Resources << 12 [337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 Suppose that the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond, and the demand for diamonds is described by the following schedule: PriceQuantity$8,0005,000diamonds7,0006,0006,0007,0005,0008,0004,0009,0003,00010,0002,00011,0001,00012,000\begin{array}{rl} -TST: a fill in the blank text, first test was "I am" second test was "I am ___ at school" /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R % [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. Later models suggest that the cognitive miser and the nave scientist create two poles of social cognition that are too monolithic. As cognitive simplification, it is useful for realistic economic management, otherwise people will be overwhelmed by the complexity of the real rationales. [13], Although Lippmann did not directly define the term cognitive miser, stereotypes have important functions in simplifying people's thinking process. >> [28] [29] The less expertise citizens have on an issue initially, the more likely they will rely on these shortcuts. -Participants were with a confederate where the participant took on the role of a teacher and the confederate a student, they had to administer increasingly painful shocks in response to wrong answers, if they hesitated the experimenter encouraged them to continue The cognitive miser theory is an umbrella theory of cognition that brings together previous research on heuristics and attributional biases to explain how and why people are cognitive misers. -Cockroach study: the cockroaches completed an easier maze faster when there were other cockroaches present and they went faster in the hard maze when they were not being watched by other cockroaches -Self-justification: justifying destructive behaviors What are the major forms of household income? 6 [194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 203 0 R /F3 23 0 R /Resources << [23], Cognitive misers could also be one of the contributors to the prisoner's dilemma in gaming theory. /Type /Pages >> /Type /Page applied to all aspects of our lives, it saves us time and cognitive processing, /Type /Group >> 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 500 500 /Group << /LastChar 32 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R] [16][17][18] Heuristics can be defined as the "judgmental shortcuts that generally get us where we need to goand quicklybut at the cost of occasionally sending us off course. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. /S /Transparency /Font << /F2 22 0 R >> /Parent 2 0 R The nave scientist Pioneering social psychologist Fritz Heider wanted to build a basic theory of the social mind, and to do that he aimed to establish the fundamental guiding principles that drive social behaviour. Social Psychology: A Very Short Introduction - Oxford Academic /FontDescriptor 364 0 R -Responses varied across cultures Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. Essentially, they ask themselves this: "Based on what I know about the candidate personally, what is the probability that this presidential candidate was a good governor? Fiske and Taylor (1984) used the term cognitive miser to refer to broad tendencies to resist new ideas, to minimize effortful thought, and to avoid revising ones beliefs. [18] However, in relying upon heuristics instead of detailed analysis, like the information processing employed by Heider's nave scientist, biased information processing is more likely to occur. On what dimensions do cultures differ? central traits that affect interpretation of later traits? Gordon Pennycook . -2008 first black president For example, people tend to make correspondent reasoning and are likely to believe that behaviors should be correlated to or representative of stable characteristics. -Group tasks should be difficult because members will be more relaxed. Nathaniel . /StructParents 6 -Emotion: Americans rated the central figure without basing it off of those around it, Japanese was opposite. /Nums [0 [52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R A brief example provided by Kahneman is that when we try not to stare at the oddly dressed couple at the neighboring table in a restaurant, our automatic reaction (System 1) makes us stare at them, but conflicts emerge as System 2 tries to control this behavior. << [2] [3] The term cognitive miser was first introduced by Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor in 1984. Just as the behaviorist, reinforced leaner gave way to actively thinking organisms throughout the formative periods of social-cognition research, so too did view of the social thinker develop, roughly divided by decade: the naive scientist (1970s), the cognitive miser (1980s), the motivated tactician (1990s), and the activated actor (2000s). << >> [4] Usually people do not think rationally or cautiously, but use cognitive shortcuts to make inferences and form judgments. What is social loafing? What are In-groups and Out-groups? 1,000 & 12,000 -Dissonance: being aware of bad behaviors, conflicting behaviors or beliefs. Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? The elaboration likelihood model is a psychological theory that explains how perspectives are formed and changed through persuasion communication. Cognitive miserliness - I'm too busy to think about that! - LinkedIn ->Temne: food accumulating, shared resources, more confomity 11 [312 0 R 313 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R 319 0 R 320 0 R 321 0 R /Parent 2 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R 347 0 R 348 0 R 349 0 R 350 0 R 351 0 R 352 0 R] >> endobj /Font << PSYC 137 Chapter 1-6 - Summary Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture - PSYC 137 Chapter 1: Point: - StuDocu Chapters 1-6 psyc 137 chapter notes chapter introduction main point: nave psychology and cognitive psychology are themes in social cognition research. /Group << What are its three components of prejudice? a. Cognitive dissonance theory b. Attribution theories c. Dual-process models d. Neuropsychological models 12. based on similarity. [2] According to this theory, people employ either shortcuts or thoughtful analysis based upon the context and salience of a particular issue. In other words, this theory suggests that humans are, in fact, both naive scientists and cognitive misers. List and Describe the Algebraic Impression Formation types: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. /CS /DeviceRGB Overview cognitive miser Quick Reference An interpretation of stereotypes as psychological mechanisms that economize on the time and effort spent on information processing by simplifying social reality, which would otherwise overwhelm our cognitive capacities with its complexity. 7 0 obj /Contents 39 0 R /Name /F3 [32] Audiences' attitude change is closely connected with relabeling or re-framing the certain issue. /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 778 0 0 0 A history of social cognition. - APA PsycNET /Contents 44 0 R /StructParents 1 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.029. /Annots [34 0 R] /Font << In psychology, the human mind is considered to be a cognitive miser due to the tendency of humans to think and solveproblems in simpler and less effortful ways rather than in more sophisticated and effortful ways, regardless of intelligence. /F1 21 0 R {\text { Price }} & {\text { Quantity }} \\ traits associated with the stereotype. /Contents 42 0 R What is the difference between them? adopting a cognitive miser approach but however if the target is not a good fit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 stream What sort of characteristics go together to form certain types of personality? /GS7 27 0 R *P?9-(A4wP"gr=I @OkZR+tfOBT$!/47(}X0N>q*0@pa 6G$B3WG$ucj?d7tN%1LiWmqw orY;M#a~)vTiU o2"yHaUr@JiilHcGo'5"I;Y?D-'y~ Errors can be prevented only by enhanced monitoring of System 2, which costs a plethora of cognitive efforts. Contents. /Contents 38 0 R 358 0 R 192 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R 361 0 R 362 0 R 282 0 R endobj -In group: (us) /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding [26] [27], Based on the assumption that human beings are cognitive misers and tend to minimize the cognitive costs, low-information rationality was introduced as an empirically grounded alternative in explaining decision making and attitude formation. /Font << Psychology of Social Behaviors Cheat Sheet - Nave Scientist: need to /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Marked true What kinds of information does a flawed scientist use when thinking about the behavior of others? /CS /DeviceRGB To save cognitive energy, cognitive misers tend to assume that other people are similar to themselves. How does a "flawed scientist" reason? By James M. Olson, Mark P. Zanna, C. Peter Herman. /Endnote /Note How does the brain respond to social rejection? endobj endobj [13] People's behavior is not based on direct and certain knowledge, but pictures made or given to them.

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