If individuals have a sense of personal agency or self-efficacy, they can change behaviours even when faced with obstacles. The following quotes illustrate these positions: before my first delivery they told me not to eat ripe plantain because when you take it you will feel like you are in labour when the time is not even due we shouldnt eat eggs else our babies will become thieves and they said if you eat snails saliva will drool from your babys mouth, I did all this things but my baby didnt drool saliva from the mouth (Woman with child under five, FGD). Relationship trajectories of pregnant women with their parents and postpartum depression: A hospital-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Copyright 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Community-based management of neonatal conditions using trained village health workers has been shown to be effective in reducing neonatal mortality (Bhutta et al., Citation2005). You can now start your regular checkups. Table 1. What may surprise some is that the majority of hospitals, clinics, and maternity homes in Japan require expecting mothers to make a reservation for the birth in advance. This amount is 420,000 ($3,092) per child. Sometimes I mash kenkey, sieve it and add lactogen to it (Postnatal woman, FGD). By virtue of the fact that communities have their own unique cultures and traditions, maternal and new-born traditional practices may differ from community to community. Nowadays, however, mothers usually choose to stay indoors for just the first month. Ripped plantain cause stomach pains and hence women who have delivered are prohibited from eating it (Postnatal woman, FGD). their care during pregnancy, labour and birth, and postnatal care. Consequently, home delivery or using a Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA) who are receptive to the use of herbs becomes the preferred choice. I tried to practice exclusive breastfeeding but at a point in time the weather was too hot and as adult we sweat and feel thirty. The Japanese believe that babies who cry loud and often are healthier and will grow much faster. Cultural competence goes far beyond the Golden Rule treat people as you would prefer to be treated. The issuance of a residence card for your child typically takes 14 days (the card will not show your childs photograph so you do not need to prepare one for the application). These beliefs lead to the adoption of certain practices, most of which have negative effects on mother and baby. As a result of this belief neonatal conditions had to managed at home because attendance to the hospital during that period was believed to create the opportunity for the baby to be bewitched. Initiating breast-feeding earlier than this will cause the baby to be upset. In a time of both misinformation and too much information, quality journalism is more crucial than ever.By subscribing, you can help us get the story right. The authors wish to thank all study participants for their time. Not to worrythe mice are mini licorice pieces covered in pink for girls and blue for boys. When guests visit, the couple serves a traditional snack called *beschuit met muisjes (biscuits with mice). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Originally created for low-income families to give all babies an equal start in life, Finlands freebie package became available to all moms in 1949. In 2015, it was estimated that, approximately 303, 000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in low resource settings, and most could have been prevented (WHO, Citation2016). Pregnancy and childbirth may be a universal experience, but each culture celebrates babys arrival in its own way. All interested researchers/readers/persons who meet the criteria for access to confidential data can access the data set from the corresponding author via this email address: easampong@ug.edu.gh. Like Latin Americas cuarentena, mothers here are nurtured with a similar custom called la dieta. In rural areas, a father gives his wife a shirt thats damp with his sweat after a hard days work while shes in labor, which folklore says will give her strength. Good practices need to be identified and promoted whilst harmful practices must be discouraged (Saaka & Iddrisu, Citation2014). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Cultural and traditional practices, values, and beliefs have been identified by Bazzano et al. They do not accommodate regular checkups. Traditional beliefs and practices in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: A review of the evidence from Asian countries According to researchers, Asian women suffer the largest proportion of the world's maternal deaths, and low rates of maternal health care utilization to access services persist. To provide financial support to families, Japan offers maternity vouchers (, ninsanpu-hoken-hiy-hojoken) to expecting mothers. In Japan, childbirth is believed to be a natural and beautiful experience that does not end once the baby comes into the world. Participants were of the view that baby boys will often lie at the right side of the womb whilst girls lie at the left side. These maternity vouchers are included as part of a maternity pack expecting mothers will receive from the local city office which also includes the Maternity and Children Health Handbook (, boshi-kenk-tech). The quotes below reflect this belief: When we deliver, we dont eat orange because of the wounds we get after birth and it also drains the breast milk . Womens maternal health choices during pregnancy and delivery directly influence maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (Evans, Citation2013). Participants mentioned some local herbs that are either ingested or used as enema in preparation towards childbirth. 2.6. Londons investment appeal is unraveling as Arm heads to the U.S. Iceland shows the worldhow to run on reliable and clean energy, Family office of Nintendo heirs says patience is a superpower, Anger among Japan's opposition over plan to clear student debt for having babies, Infinity and beyond: Yayoi Kusamas next evolution. Anytime I get pregnant it does not stay, so I was told it is because when you are pregnant and you go out people will look at you with evil eyes to spoil your pregnancy. The codebook defined the various codes used during coding, their definition, when to use and when not to use such a code and examples of statements that should be considered for coding into particular codes. Some help to heal wounds in your stomach after birth (Postnatal woman, FGD). You register your details online and then you have access to a special hotline which jumps you to the front of the queue and is open 24 hours per day. The Awuo mre aduro is given to you in the ninth month and it aids smooth delivery (Woman with child under five, FGD). The following quote buttresses this assertion by participants: I put towel in hot water and put it the babys fontanelle then I use the hot water to douche the babys navel, private part and buttocks. Secondly, because each pregnancy requires a different level of care there cannot be a fixed fee. This social practice restricts the mother and the neonate from seeking health care outside the home thus preventing the continuum of care during the neonatal period. Skip to Site Navigation Equally, hospitals which dont actively promote their ability to provide services in English may nevertheless have doctors and nurses with good language skills. As for the babies, theyre treated like gods. Some of these social practices tend to affect utilisation of some essential maternal and child health practices. Thus, during economic downturns, being pregnant can essentially save your job. Once your pregnancy is confirmed, the first thing you should do is go to your city office to collect your Maternity and Children Health Handbook, as described above. However, certain beliefs tend to make these moments also prone to certain rituals and . Names that are objects (like Apple) or surnames are never allowed, and you must be able to tell the babys gender by his or her first name. Men are household leaders in various cultures, and some Ob/Gyn patients defer to their partner for medical decisions. Protecting pregnancy from evil forces resulted in the practice of confinement and consequently late initiation of antenatal care. Enema in the form of herbs is given to expectant women during labour as it is believed to facilitate smooth delivery. However, the practice of confinement does not make women start ANC early enough to enable them meet the required number of visits during pregnancy. At the ceremony the parents take turns feeding the baby, wishing he/she will have abundance of food throughout his/her life. English versions of the Maternity and Children Health Handbook are also available. Published By: Midwifery Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants, Both FGDs and IDIs showed that it was inappropriate to announce a pregnancy until it becomes visible. This study was conducted to document the beliefs and practices along the prenatal, antenatal, through the peripartum period among women in Southern Ghana. And it all starts with effective patient-doctor communication. Findings: This is because some women choose to give birth at hospitals different to their regular check-up place because, for example, they want to travel back to their hometown to give birth so that they can be closer to their parents. Additionally, doctors should provide and advocate for improved access to care. Additionally, you may have costs relating to prescriptions for symptoms during pregnancy (e.g. In this Hindu country, an important birthing tradition is burying the placenta, which is believed to be alive and almost like a twin sibling of the newborn. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Generally, field-notes are reported to provide deeper reflection and understanding of experiences in the field (Bowling, Citation2014). Minato Citys website is also a good source for updated information in English. You are not required to obtain permission to reuse this article in part or whole. Certain medical procedures associated with pregnancy, such ascircumcisionand blood transfusions in emergency situations, are not acceptable by all religions. HIV Recency Testing: Should Results be Disclosed to Individuals Tested? ), but these should be covered under your general health insurance. In Japanese, this is called bunben-yoyaku (). In Tokyo, your best bet is hospitals and clinics in Minato Ward and Shibuya Ward. 2023 Jan 9;9:942331. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942331. But today, particularly in culturally diverse communities such as the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex, doctors must strive for cultural competence to provide optimal care. Jamaican women who find themselves pregnant have been known to count on their bible, quite literally actually. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. For the Western culture, we are forbidden to eat raw fish during pregnancy. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control toward exercise, together with current levels of . Additionally, babies are massaged with mustard oil and shea butter. The maternity vouchers act as discount vouchers; they do not cover the full cost of the check-ups. Publication Link:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613817302012?via%3Dihub#! This study employed both narrative and phenomenology study designs. Unlike some other countries, women spend on average about six days in hospital in Japan from the time between going into labor and leaving the hospital with their newborn. In other words, it acknowledges the social origins of much of human thought and action (what individuals learn by being part of a society), whereas the cognitive portion recognises the influential contribution of thought processes to human motivation, attitudes, and action (Bandura, Citation1999). She measures the cord with her hand and then she will tie it and cut it with the blade. These herbs are extracts from the leaves and bark of some trees in the community, described locally as awuo mre aduro meaning medicines that make delivery easy. Some participants were of the view that yellowish discoloration of the eyes and palms of the baby are normal and will often resolve with time. Mothers have the option to take a cash grant instead, but the majority opt for the starter kit, which is worth a lot more. Firstly, because being pregnant is not considered an illness or injury to oneselfthe typical remit of health insurance. (Citation2007), memoing involves putting down initial ideas, issues, observation and patterns that can be connected, compared or contrasted while doing the coding. Socio-cultural beliefs in communities often lead to the adoption of certain practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. Registered in England & Wales No. It was therefore not advisable to eat it during that period. This practice was believed to offer protection against infection and keep the cord dry. During this period, friends visit and eat the celebratory red rice and red bean dish osekihan. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0266613817302012?via%3Dihub#! This figure further decreased to 776 in 2020. Some will be able to provide regular checkups including ultrasounds and blood tests, but require the expecting mother to deliver at another hospital; others will specialize in something else entirely. Consequently, there was the need to introduce them to other foods instead of breastmilk only. The ANC schedule is programmed such that a pregnant woman will have to make monthly visits during the first 7 months. Our patients represent a broad spectrum of ethnicities and walks of life, as well as a tapestry of beliefs and customs that help shape their values. This is shown by the quote below: It [folic acid] gives you appetite for food. Thematic analysis was adopted in analysing the data. In effect, the context in which an individual is, tends to exert some control over the persons behavioural tendencies. We get it from five months of pregnancy (Postnatal woman, FGD). when the woman is almost due for delivery she must not eat ripe plantain, it is called kyem d3 which means that you will be feeling some sweet sensations in your body when you are pushing during pregnancy but the baby will never come out but that practice is now extinct so now we eat the ripe plantain (Elderly woman, FGD). 5. As a result, confinement during early pregnancy was a common practice as shown in the quote. PMC While taxis are everywhere in Tokyo, you dont want to be frantically running up and down the road in the middle of the night trying to hail one while your partner is back home in pain. It is said that it helps women to have easy and smooth delivery (Elderly woman, FGD). Participants in this study were of the view that engaging in sex during pregnancy was essential in ensuring smooth delivery and highly recommended for women. If your child will stay in Japan longer than 60 days and you hold a resident status other than Permanent Resident (, tokubestu-eijken), you need to make anApplication for Certificate of Eligibility (, zairy-shikaku-shutoku-kyoka-shinsei) at the Japanese Immigration within 30 days of birth. Children of foreign nationals born in Japan are granted permission to stay for 60 days without any status of residence. Newborn health also constitutes a human right as specified in the Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNICEF, Citation2013). First, you need to register the birth at your local city office within 14 days and to do this you will need a birth certificate issued by the medical staff at the hospital where your child was born. To explore Korean beliefs and attitudes towards pregnancy, birth and postpartum practices: . It was the general view that people could use their evil to cause an abortion during early pregnancy. A questionnaire for both parents (only one needs to be present but you need to know the passport number and residence card number of your partner). Maternal and. Essential health services such as monitoring the growth of the baby in utero, giving tetanus injection and the administering of Suphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to help reduce malaria during pregnancy are provided during ANC. Design: In-depth interviews relating to traditional and changed beliefs and practices of pregnancy and childbirth with Thai women in Northern Thailand. These beliefs lead to practices during and along pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods. Local knowledge and derived practices of safety during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum: a qualitative study among nurse-midwives in urban eastern Tanzania. Pregnancy, child birth, and care are cherished moments in most communities in Ghana. That works only when someone wants to be treated the same way as you. It emerged during the FGDs that some pregnant women did not take the folic acid they received during pregnancy. While Japanese people represent a significant and growing cultural group within the United States, little is known about the culture-specific needs of Japanese women who experience pregnancy and childbirth in this country. 3. Ripe plantain for instance, is believed to cause false labour whilst egg is forbidden because of the belief that the baby will become a thief in future. The spoon means a girl, the knife a boy and the fork means the gender is undetermined. Further, it was revealed that socio-cultural practices such as not crossing rivers and confinement made some women not show up for ANC. Omiyamairis generally take place when boys and girls are 31 and 33 days old, respectively, although some geographic variations exist. These positions are shown with the following quotes: It depends on every individual; I sometimes indulge in sex six months after delivery (Postnatal woman, FGD). Okra for instance, was also believed to cause diarrhoea for breastfeeding babies. That notwithstanding, participants also agreed that generally, there was the need for one to space the children. For my first born, it was so difficult when I delivered in the hospital (Postnatal woman, FGD). Obviously, this extra level of care and service comes at a cost, and private hospitals and clinics can be considerably more expensive than general or university hospitals. If the monikers not on the list, they have to make a strong case for why the state should make an exception. We successively detail the beliefs concerning fertility, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum, specifying the cultural beliefs from other cultures interacting with medical recommendations. Effective, culturally competent communication between doctors and patients is essential in pregnancy care. 98 Japanese women in England and 88 Japanese women in Japan: South-East Asian: Thai: Kaewsarn (2003a) . In the pregnancy category, the majority of the studies focused on dietary recommendations and behavioral taboos. In principle, the maternity vouchers cannot be re-issued. I also have some medicine that I apply on the babys body for it to disappear (TBA, IDI). The SCT proposes that behaviour change describes a dynamic, ongoing process in which personal factors, environmental factors, and human behaviour exert influence on each other. We are very fertile here so we all have children and if anyone is not having a child then it is probably the kind of life she had lived and the family planning too if you use it, it can destroy your womb because when you use it for a long period of time, it remains in your blood and it will take long to for it to leave your system for you to get pregnant again (Woman with child under five, FGD). This study was conducted in the Asante Akim North District of the Ashanti Region. Even non-pregnant, we are advised to watch our fish intake because of the high mercury levels found in fish. Many women who come to Australia have a pragmatic attitude to traditional Additionally, twentytwo (22) IDIs were conducted among key people in the community such as community health officers, midwives, opinion leaders, traditional birth attendants, and traditional medical practitioners. (Citation2008) to play an important role during pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period and care of neonates. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This according to participants was to protect the baby from evil people in the community. Stay on top of health care news. It is herbs or the back of a tree nu bena, you use it to prepare soup and sometimes after delivery the placenta is retained, you use it. in the Profile section of your subscriber account page. This is usually the case for women who go to the Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA). More than 130 women whose youngest child is under the age of 15 participated in an online survey for this article. The West tried to isolate Russia. This was done to get a better understanding of the socio-cultural beliefs and practices among pregnant women in the community. More in: This is crucial if Ghana is to achieve universal health coverage and access to essential perinatal care as envisioned in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Included in the narrative are the beliefs of a Laotian woman who does not breast-feed her child until the third day postpartum. Accordingly, choosing where to deliver requires a degree of research and planning. They normally use some herbs which they add to about seven palm fruits, smoked mudfish and about three fingers of plantain to prepare a particular type of soup called Abedru and they start taking it when the pregnancy is about five to six months and they take it till they deliver. 2022 Dec 15;12(12):e068216. More information is needed on the benefits of formal maternal healthcare services; such educational programs should be geared towards not only women but also husbands, parents, and in-laws. Pregnancy care providers see a lot of cultural diversity every day. We conducted a literature search of articles: a) focusing on Asia; b) relating to pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum, c) relating to traditional beliefs and/or cultural practices; and 4) published in English in the year 2000 or more recently.

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